Almost inevitably, expeditions and explorers will be drawn to areas where levels of technology and hygiene are not the same as we are used to at home.
Water supplies may contain bacteria, parasitic cysts (like Giardia) and viruses. This can lead to serious stomach upsets, dehydration and other illness. The most basic form of purification is to use either Iodine or Chlorine and these are key items to be included in your travel survival kit.
(Use neutralising tablets to remove the iodine taste.)